{"id":3992,"date":"2018-07-27T14:33:31","date_gmt":"2018-07-27T18:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=3992"},"modified":"2018-11-02T00:53:10","modified_gmt":"2018-11-02T04:53:10","slug":"attraction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/social-psychology\/attraction\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0Attraction"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Google<\/li>\n<li>A quality or feature of something or someone that evokes interest, liking, or desire.<\/li>\n<li>The action or power of evoking interest, pleasure or liking for someone or something: \u201cthe timeless attraction of a good tune\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Motivation<\/li>\n<li>Create relationships<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Factors that Lead to Attraction<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Proximity<\/li>\n<li>Propinquity effect \u2013 increased interaction leads to increased probability of friendship<\/li>\n<li>Mere exposure effect \u2013 increased exposure leads to increased liking<\/li>\n<li><em>Moreland and Beach (1992)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Confederates attend 0, 5, 10 or 15 lectures<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>As attendance increased so did likability ratings<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Similarity<\/li>\n<li>Newcomb (1961) \u2013 similarity in: background, attitudes and values predicted friendship<\/li>\n<li>Why<\/li>\n<li><em>Validates self-worth, characteristics and beliefs<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Better interpersonal communication<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Interacts with proximity<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Choose similar situations<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Reciprocal Liking<\/li>\n<li>Gold et al. 1984<\/li>\n<li><em>Found that men liked woman who nonverbally displayed liking, even when overtly disagreeing<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Affected by self-esteem<\/li>\n<li><em>Self-fulfilling prophecy<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Physical Attraction<\/li>\n<li>Walster Hatfield et al. 1996<\/li>\n<li><em>Randomly matched students- blind date<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Physical attraction best predictor of second date<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Important to both men and women<\/li>\n<li><em>Men rate it more important<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u00a0Smaller difference in actual behavior<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Physical Attraction<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Physical attractiveness stereotype<\/li>\n<li>Also known as the Halo-effect<\/li>\n<li><em>Tendency to believe that physically attractive people possess other good qualities<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Self-fulfilling prophecy<\/li>\n<li><em>Snyder, Tanke, and Berscheid (1977)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Recorded phone conversations between men and women<\/strong>*<strong> Warmth, friendliness, etc increased when men thought the woman was attractive<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>This influenced the women to be more confident, animated and warm<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Physical Attraction<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Judging Beauty<\/li>\n<li>Symmetry<\/li>\n<li>Perfect Average<\/li>\n<li><em><u>http:\/\/www.faceresearch.org\/demos\/average <\/u><\/em><\/li>\n<li>Similar across cultures * The golden ratio<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Physical Attraction<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Importance of Beauty<\/li>\n<li>Evolution and Biology<\/li>\n<li><em>Assumes that beauty gives important biological information<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>e. Health, Fertility<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Makeup<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Summarizing: Factors of Attraction<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Four factors that Lead to Attraction<\/li>\n<li>Proximity * Similarity * Reciprocal Liking<\/li>\n<li>Physical Attraction \u2013 Beauty<\/li>\n<li>Determined by<\/li>\n<li>Symmetry<\/li>\n<li>Averaging of features<\/li>\n<li>The golden Ratio * Importance<\/li>\n<li>Evolutionarily- gives info about fertility and heath<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Theories of Attraction<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Social Exchange Theory<\/li>\n<li>Equity Theory<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Theories of Attraction<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Social Exchange Theory<\/li>\n<li>Feelings about a relationship determined by<\/li>\n<li><em>Rewards &#8211; costs<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Outcome<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><em>Expectations [comparison level]<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Satisfaction<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><em>Chances for a better alternative relationship [Comparison level for alternatives]<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Likelihood of staying<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Equity Theory<\/li>\n<li>Good relationship occurs when<\/li>\n<li><em>Person A\u2019s reward \u2013 costs = Person\u2019s B rewards &#8211; cost<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Love<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Robert Sternberg (1986) \u2013 Triangular Theory of Love * Three Components of Love<\/li>\n<li><em>Intimacy<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Passion<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Commitment<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Three components creates seven types of love relationships Robert Sternberg (1986) Triangular Theory of Love<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Love and Relationships<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Attachment Styles (Ainsworth)<\/li>\n<li>Relationships are dependent on individual\u2019s relationships to primary caregiver<\/li>\n<li>Three attachment types * Secure<\/li>\n<li><em>Best potential relationships<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Avoidant<\/li>\n<li><em>Suppress relationship needs, trouble developing intimate relationships<\/em>* Anxious\/Ambivalent<\/li>\n<li><em>Concern that the partner will not reciprocate the desire for intimacy<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Collins and Feeney (2004)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Love and Relationships<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Attachment Style Combinations (Kirkpatrick and Davis (1994)<\/li>\n<li>Avoidant + Anxious<\/li>\n<li><em>Low in satisfaction, communication problems<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Depends on gender<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Enabling Close Relationships<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Self-Disclosure<\/li>\n<li>Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others<\/li>\n<li>Disclosure reciprocity<\/li>\n<li>Reciprocating same level of disclosure as your partner<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Summarizing<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Two Theories of Attraction<\/li>\n<li>Social Exchange Theory<\/li>\n<li>Cost benefit Analysis<\/li>\n<li>Equity Theory<\/li>\n<li>Equal cost \u2013benefit for each partner<\/li>\n<li>Love and Relationships<\/li>\n<li>Sternberg\u2019s Triangular theory of Love<\/li>\n<li>3 components, create 7 types<\/li>\n<li>Ainsworth\u2019s Attachment styles<\/li>\n<li>Childhood attachment style affects attachment to romantic partner<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Ending Relationships<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Breaking up \u2013 Four stages (Duck, 1982)<\/li>\n<li>Intrapersonal<\/li>\n<li><em>Focusing on dissatisfaction<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Dyadic<\/li>\n<li><em>Revealing these to the partner<\/em>* Social<\/li>\n<li><em>Announcing the breakup to others<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Intrapersonal (part 2)<\/li>\n<li><em>Devising accounts of the breakup as we recover from it<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>Ending Relationships<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alternatives to exiting a relationship<\/li>\n<li>Loyalty<\/li>\n<li><em>Waiting for conditions to improve<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Neglect<\/li>\n<li><em>Ignore the partner and allow the relationship to deteriorate<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Voice concerns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Take active steps to improve relationship<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Google A quality or feature of something or someone that evokes interest, liking, or desire. The action or power of evoking interest, pleasure or liking for someone or something:&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/social-psychology\/attraction\/\">Continue Reading<span> \u00a0Attraction<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[102],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3992"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3992"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3992\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}