What does postmodern mean?<\/p>\n
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Postmodern approaches<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n How is language emphasized in PMA?<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Features<\/p>\n \u2022 The client is the expert about their own lives<\/p>\n Goals<\/p>\n \u2022 Generate new meaning <\/strong>in the lives of clients.<\/p>\n Key concepts \u2022 Postmodernists assume there are multiple truths<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Features<\/p>\n \u2022 Grounded on positive orientation: people are healthy and competent.<\/strong><\/p>\n Basic assumptions<\/p>\n \u2022 The problem itself may not be relevant to finding effective solutions<\/p>\n Types of relationships in SFBT<\/p>\n \u2022 Customer-type relationship: <\/strong>client and therapist jointly identify a problem and solution to work toward<\/p>\n Techqniues<\/p>\n \u2022 Pre-therapy change: <\/strong>what have you done since you made the appointment that has made a difference in your problem?<\/p>\n Group counselling<\/p>\n \u2022 Group is focused on solutions<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Selecting events that fit with the dominant plot and privileging those over events that don\u2019t fit the narrative.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u2022\u00a0 Separate the person from his or her problem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Ask clients to speculate about what kind of future they could expect form the competent person that is emerging.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Create an audience to support the new story. <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u2022\u00a0 These stories shape our reality of what we se, feel and do<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 They are in social and cultural context<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Stories not only change the client but also the therapist.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Client is constructing the story not the therapist.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u2022\u00a0 Encourage clients to share their stories<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Listen to a problem-saturated story of a client without getting stuck<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Demonstrate respectful curiosity and persistence<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Believe the person is not the problem, but the problem is the problem.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 To become active facilitators<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 To demonstrate care, interest, empathy and contact.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 To believe in the client\u2019s abilities, talents and positive intentions.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 To adopt a not knowing position that allows being guided by the client\u2019s story<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 To help clients construct a preferred story line.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 To create a collaborative<\/strong> relationship.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u2022\u00a0 Are used to assist clients in exploring dimensions of their life situations.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Can lead to taking apart problem-saturated stories.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Exception questions<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 \u201cHow long has the anxiety been there?\u201d as a opposite to \u201chow long have you been anxious?\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u2022\u00a0 Externalising conversations help people to free themselves from being identified with the problem<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Externalising conversations can assist clients in recognising times when they have dealt successfully with a problem.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Based on the idea that living life means<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u2022\u00a0 The assumption is that people can continually and actively re-author their lives<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Unique possibility questions enable clients to focus on their future.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 An appreciative audience helps new stories to take root.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u2022\u00a0 Group work provides an appreciative audience with which a client can discuss the new developments of his or her life<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 New identities can be rehearsed in the group setting<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Wide range of uses include: grief counselling, anger management, academic management, an adventure based program.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Strengths and Weaknesses (from a multicultural perspective)<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Clients are encouraged to explore how their realities are being constructed out of cultural discourse and the consequences that follow from such constructions.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Narrative therapy is grounded in a sociocultural context, which makes this approach especially relevant for counselling culturally diverse clients.<\/strong><\/td>\n \u2022\u00a0 To rectify this, postmodern-oriented therapist must convey to clients that they have expertise in the process of therapy but clients are the expert in their lives. <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Limitations vs. Contributions<\/p>\n\n
Social Constructionism<\/h1>\n
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Solution-Focused Brief therapyNarrative Therapy<\/h1>\n
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\n Features<\/td>\n \u2022\u00a0 Clients construct the meaning of life in interpretive stories which are interpreted as truth<\/strong><\/p>\n \n Therapeutic process<\/td>\n \u2022\u00a0 Collaborate with the client in identifying the problem<\/p>\n \n\n
\n <\/td>\n \u2022\u00a0 Investigate how the problem has been disrupting or dominating the person<\/p>\n \n Role of stories<\/td>\n \u2022\u00a0 We live our lives by the stories we tell ourselves and what we tell others. <\/strong><\/p>\n \n Functions of therapist<\/td>\n \u2022\u00a0 Listen with an open mind<\/p>\n \n Questions<\/td>\n \u2022\u00a0 Used to generate experiences rather than to gather information.<\/p>\n \n Externalisation<\/td>\n \u2022\u00a0 Externalisation is the process of separating the person from identifying with the problem.<\/strong><\/p>\n \n <\/td>\n relating to problems, not being fused with them.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Deconstruction and creating alternative stories<\/td>\n \u2022\u00a0 Problem-saturated stories are deconstructed before new stories are cocreated. <\/strong><\/p>\n \n Group counselling<\/td>\n \u2022\u00a0 Used for group work in school settings<\/p>\n \n\n
\n Strengths<\/td>\n Weaknesses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u2022\u00a0 Social constructionism is congruent with the philosophy of multiculturalism <\/strong><\/p>\n \u2022\u00a0 Adopting a \u201cnot knowing\u201d stance may lead clients form some cultures to lose confidence in the therapist.<\/p>\n