{"id":4264,"date":"2018-09-18T18:31:15","date_gmt":"2018-09-18T22:31:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=4264"},"modified":"2018-09-18T18:33:41","modified_gmt":"2018-09-18T22:33:41","slug":"integrative-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/psychological-counseling\/integrative-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Integrative Perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Psychotherapy Integration<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Integration is combining concepts and techniques from various approaches<\/li>\n<li>Key is to find ways to integrate features from different approaches to help clients on all 3 levels of human experience- <strong>thinking feeling behaving <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Some theories are better at explain various aspects of thinking, feeling and behaving than compared to other theories- e.g. CBT best at explaining cognition, behavioural therapy good at explaining behaviour etc.<\/li>\n<li>For decades therapists resisted integration &#8211; battle of \u2018what theory is the best\u2019<\/li>\n<li>At the theoretical level there is <strong>no one truth <\/strong>when it comes to the different schools of psychotherapeutic thought.<\/li>\n<li>Different therapeutic modalities have greater or lesser relevance depending upon he individual and what they are hoping to achieve through therapy<\/li>\n<li>An integrative therapist <strong>does not offer a one size fits all approach<\/strong> <strong>Different people will need a different approach at different times.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Therapists who take a medical model orientation to mental health have less empathy for their clients and clients who take a medical model orientation to mental health will have less empathy for themselves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Eclectic vs. integrative<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Eclectic: <\/strong>imply a random, non-systematic selection of techniques without any theoretical rationale.<\/li>\n<li>This is called<\/li>\n<li>One week to the next changing type of techniques used without integration<\/li>\n<li>Integrative therapy is characterized by <strong>looking at a variety of perspectives<\/strong> and how clients could best benefit.<\/li>\n<li><strong>8%<\/strong> of therapists prefer some form of integration- meaning they combine a variety of methods or techniques into their counseling practice.<\/li>\n<li>The risk is being a \u2018<em>Jack of all trades and master of none\u2019<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Goal: enhance efficiency and applicability of psychotherapy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pathways to integration<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Technical Integration \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2022 Selecting best techniques for the individual and the problem, <strong>without having to subscribe to that particular theoretical perspective.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must be systematic and must have a rational to explain the reason for this choice of technique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Theoretical Integration \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2022 Far more challenging<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>More than just blending a few techniques<\/li>\n<li>Takes a lot of knowledge to produce a framework that synthesises the best aspects of two or more theoretical approaches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Assimilative approach \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2022 This is <strong>remaining grounded to a particular theoretical perspective<\/strong> but using a variety of interventions from multiple systems<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>g. MBCT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Common factors \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2022 Identifies the common elements across the different theoretical perspectives approach \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2022 Common factors accounts for the general equivalence of diverse therapeutic<\/p>\n<p>styles<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Some common factors include empathic listening, support, warmth, feedback, reassurance, and client\u2019s motivation.<\/li>\n<li>Therapeutic relationship is central to effective therapy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Advantages of integration<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>No one single theory is enough- there are efficiencies in all of the theories<\/li>\n<li>Can <strong>tailor individual needs<\/strong> to individual clients<\/li>\n<li>Can fit a <strong>more diverse population<\/strong> of clients<\/li>\n<li>Can be a more <strong>effective therapist<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Not realistic to integrate all of the theories<\/li>\n<li>Integration of some aspects of some theories is <strong>more realistic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>How to deliver in brief, flexible, thorough ways<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>One of the big limitations is that medicare only funds 10 sessions per year.<\/li>\n<li>More pressure to deliver therapy in a <strong>time-limited way.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Most therapy is brief, most people only have a handful of sessions, and this is not only related to pressure, it\u2019s often to do with client factors<\/li>\n<li>5 average counselling sessions in Australia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>What is counselling\/therapy?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A relationship- more intimate than the standard doctor patient relationship<\/li>\n<li>Based on collaboration<\/li>\n<li>A repertoire of skills<\/li>\n<li>Emphasises self help<\/li>\n<li>Emphasises choice<\/li>\n<li>A process<\/li>\n<li>Provides additional skills<\/li>\n<li>Its creative<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Effective counsellors<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop a sense of humour \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Open to change and authentic<\/li>\n<li>Strong sense of identity and self \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Make mistakes and willing to accept them<\/li>\n<li>Willing to become a more therapeutic person \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Derive meaning<\/li>\n<li>Strong interpersonal skills Show genuine interact and care for client<\/li>\n<li>Respect and appreciate themselves Able to be in the present<\/li>\n<li>Understands the influence of culture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Other treatments that are not \u2018counselling approaches\u2019<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Biofeedback and neuro-feedback<\/li>\n<li>The use of electronic monitoring of a normally automatic bodily function in order to train someone to acquire voluntary control of that function.<\/li>\n<li>Good for those who don\u2019t have insight into how stressed they are.<\/li>\n<li>Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing <strong>(for PTSD)<\/strong> Transracial direct current stimulation (tDCS) <strong>helping for depression<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Other things that help:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Yoga<\/li>\n<li>Attending religious services<\/li>\n<li>Going to catholic confessional<\/li>\n<li>Engaging with social supports<\/li>\n<li>Exercise plus diet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The factors that matter in counselling<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>The therapeutic relationship (30%)<\/u><\/li>\n<li>Connection, rapport, trust<\/li>\n<li>There is a shared understanding of the problem<\/li>\n<li>The client feels understand<\/li>\n<li><u>Client\u2019s expectations (15%)<\/u> Placebo effect?<\/li>\n<li><u>External factors (40%)<\/u><\/li>\n<li>The factors we cannot measure- something else has occurred in the client\u2019s life so they feel better<\/li>\n<li><u>Interventions\/techniques used (15%<\/u>)<\/li>\n<li>It\u2019s not just 15%- it is more complicated<\/li>\n<li>The treatment approach you use will impact the therapeutic relationship<\/li>\n<li>Choosing the right approach will be based on how to best connect with the client<\/li>\n<li>Credibility is important for a therapeutic relationship<\/li>\n<li>The therapeutic relationship mediated the effectiveness of the technique.<\/li>\n<li>For example, some parts of CBT use diagrams of the brain to explain concepts. This increases credibility, thereby improving trust in the therapeutic relationship, thereby meaning clients will be more likely to apply techniques, thereby improving symptoms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Spirituality and religion<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Not our role to incorporate religious or spiritual issues into sessions, <strong>unless specifically relevant.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Never impose your own religious beliefs<\/li>\n<li>Have a sense of your own spiritual perspective<\/li>\n<li>Clients should determine their own values that they may want to retain or give up or modify<\/li>\n<li>If a religious belief is harming a client, should we attempt to change it? <strong>Dangerous area to go into <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Biblical counselling vs. CBT<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Termination<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There are many reasons clients decide to end therapy<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes the therapist is ready to cease sessions but client is not ready<\/li>\n<li>Important for both parties to overt it sooner rather than later<\/li>\n<li>Not therapeutic to stop therapy abruptly, should be a process.<\/li>\n<li>Talk about it in person<\/li>\n<li>Be honest<\/li>\n<li>Communicate clearly<\/li>\n<li>Should be an action plain for maintaining what has been learnt<\/li>\n<li>Relapse prevention- who to call?<\/li>\n<li>Some kind of evaluation is really important<\/li>\n<li>Readiness and reasons for ending therapy<\/li>\n<li>Termination is as important as the initial phase<\/li>\n<li>Where to from here- maybe a group therapy?<\/li>\n<li>Termination of therapy doesn\u2019t mean the door is not always open down he track for sessions in the future.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psychotherapy Integration Integration is combining concepts and techniques from various approaches Key is to find ways to integrate features from different approaches to help clients on all 3 levels&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/psychological-counseling\/integrative-perspective\/\">Continue Reading<span> Integrative Perspective<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[98],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4264"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4264"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4264\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}