{"id":4289,"date":"2018-09-18T18:52:37","date_gmt":"2018-09-18T22:52:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=4289"},"modified":"2018-09-18T18:57:49","modified_gmt":"2018-09-18T22:57:49","slug":"personality-assessment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/psychological-measurement\/personality-assessment\/","title":{"rendered":"Personality Assessment"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Individual differences in emotional, interpersonal, experiential, attitudinal and motivational styles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Use of personality tests (PT):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Research<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o determine the number\/nature of dimensions that makes us unique o Stability of personality across time<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clinical\/ counselling o Useful in therapy o Marital therapy o Vocational counselling<\/li>\n<li>Personnel management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Recruitment and selection<\/p>\n<p>o Placement<\/p>\n<p><strong>History of PT: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>WW1: first organised assessment of personality <strong>o <\/strong>Tested recruits to see if they could cope with being in the military <strong>o <\/strong>Focus on one facet of personality, essentially measuring conformity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Projective tests:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Some of the first tests to be used and investigated<\/li>\n<li>Projective tests usually consist of ambiguous stimuli<\/li>\n<li>An individual\u2019s response to the stimuli are recorded and analysed to assess their personality or psychopathology<\/li>\n<li>The underlying theme of projective test is that you can\u2019t rely upon people\u2019s conscious awareness of themselves for the purpose of understanding their true nature (low face validity).<\/li>\n<li>Rorschach projective test <strong>o <\/strong>Consists of 10 inkblots on white cards, tends to bilaterally symmetrical <strong>o <\/strong>Inkblots are used to incite the client to free-associate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>o <\/strong>There are several scoring systems, Exner\u2019s Comprehensive System is the most common<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rorschach test- reliability:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Very difficult to calculate internal consistency reliability<\/li>\n<li>Test-retest reliability has been observed to be high<\/li>\n<li>Inter-rater reliability is fairly high (.80+)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Projective tests (general) \u2013 reliability:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Accuracy of predictions of future behaviour based on Rorschach scores has been found to be low<\/li>\n<li>Some of the research has tried to find correlations with self-report personality questionnaires o The correlations are very low o But is the Rorschach trying to measure conventional personality?<\/li>\n<li>Criterion group validity studies would be especially useful o g. compare responses from clinically depressed and non-depressed individuals<\/li>\n<li>Projective tests have been designed to measure unconscious thoughts\/tendencies<\/li>\n<li>It\u2019s based on psychoanalytic theory<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Psychoanalytic theory- sexual repression:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Some people block out sexual thoughts and feelings<\/li>\n<li>They do so unconsciously for a variety of reasons o You can\u2019t ask someone directly if they are sexually repressed and expect an accurate response<\/li>\n<li>Perhaps inkblots?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Rorschach critique:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rorschach norms are inadequate<\/li>\n<li>May not work well across racial groups<\/li>\n<li>Reliability is low or unknown for many scores<\/li>\n<li>Number of responses influences scores<\/li>\n<li>Poor factorial and predictive validity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Two main personality theories:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trait theory- people differ on stable attributes o Characteristics lies on a continuum o Very popular in research settings<\/li>\n<li>Type theory- people can be sorted into categories<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>From projective to self-report:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Self-report questionnaires are sometimes referred to as \u2018objective personality tests\u2019<\/li>\n<li>This is only true in the context of a development away from projective tests, which were not considered objective<\/li>\n<li>Trait theory measures are very typically self-report in nature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Trait theory- measures:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There are three popular models within trait theory:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o Big five o Five factor o Hexaco<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Big five:\n<ul>\n<li>rpenness to experiences<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Conscientiousness o Extraversion o Agreeableness o Neuroticism<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Based on a factor analysis of adjectives in the dictionary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Five-factor:\n<ul>\n<li>Neuroticism o Extraversion o rpenness o Agreeableness o Conscientiousness<\/li>\n<li>Based on a factor analysis of statements thought by Costa and McCrae to measure personality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>NEO PI-R: Psychometrics- validity:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There is a lot of validity for the NEr PI-R scores<\/li>\n<li>rverall, the validity coefficients tend to be rather low (.10 to .20)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Rater report:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Some argue that you can\u2019t trust people to report their own personality honestly<\/li>\n<li>Instead you should rely on people who know them well to rate that person\u2019s personality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Rater report \u2013 reliability and validity:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Multiple raters of the same person tend to provide similar ratings for the same person<\/li>\n<li>Inter-rater reliability for the five factor model dimensions- .69-.81.<\/li>\n<li>Consensual validity: correlation between self-report ratings and rater report ratings- .46-.62.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Task based personality tests:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B. Cattell was one of the pioneers of using task-based tests to measure personality<\/li>\n<li>Body-sway test:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o Subjects sway more when standing if regressed (gullible)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Not much validity evidence in favour of them<\/li>\n<li>However almost all of the validity research is based on correlated the task-based scores with conventional self-report personality scores<\/li>\n<li>Researchers don\u2019t like it because it takes long to administer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Individual differences in emotional, interpersonal, experiential, attitudinal and motivational styles Use of personality tests (PT): Research o determine the number\/nature of dimensions that makes us unique o Stability of&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/psychological-measurement\/personality-assessment\/\">Continue Reading<span> Personality Assessment<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[107],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4289"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4289\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}