{"id":4563,"date":"2018-10-27T15:01:14","date_gmt":"2018-10-27T19:01:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=4563"},"modified":"2018-10-27T15:24:42","modified_gmt":"2018-10-27T19:24:42","slug":"love","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/positive-psychology\/love\/","title":{"rendered":"Love"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today\u2019s Goals<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mini review: Prosocial behaviour<\/li>\n<li>Review the history of love research in psychology<\/li>\n<li>Discuss how psychologists and lay people define love<\/li>\n<li>Review the correlates of different approaches to and experiences of love<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mini-Review<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What does research suggest about the time of final paper submission and the grade it receives?<\/li>\n<li>How does evolutionary theory explain helping behaviour?<\/li>\n<li>Why is it hard to conclusively show that helping is purely altruistic?<\/li>\n<li>Describe a piece of evidence for \u2018intuitive prosociality\u2019 from the cognitive approach?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Love<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Emotion<\/li>\n<li>Other&#8217;s importance as high as self<\/li>\n<li>Friendship &amp; trust<\/li>\n<li>Mutual respect<\/li>\n<li>Enduring support<\/li>\n<li>Compromise (accepting differences)<\/li>\n<li>Action (not just feeling)<\/li>\n<li>Vulnerable<\/li>\n<li>Physiological response (or resolution)<\/li>\n<li>Passion<\/li>\n<li>Allowing other to grow<\/li>\n<li>Commitment<\/li>\n<li>The early days..\n<ul>\n<li>Behaviourism, psychoanalytic views<\/li>\n<li>Harlow\u2019s monkey studies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kinds of Love<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Many approaches<\/li>\n<li>Still lacking consensus (cf., Big 5)<\/li>\n<li>Yet overlap among ideas<\/li>\n<li>\u2018Quadrumvirate\u2019 model\n<ol>\n<li>Passionate<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Associated more with romantic relationships<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Companionate<\/li>\n<li>Compassionate<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Emerging &#8211; empathetic kind of love<\/p>\n<p>Heart &#8216;going out&#8217; to an individual<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>(Attachment)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Notion &#8211; attachment theory<\/p>\n<p>Ability to be securely attached<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Passionate Love<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Begins with physical attraction, signs of liking &#8211; direction<\/li>\n<li>Promotes a sexual relationship<\/li>\n<li>Similar to \u2018Eros\u2019<\/li>\n<li>My lover and I have the right physical &#8220;chemistry&#8221; between us.<\/li>\n<li>My lover and I were attracted to each other immediately after we first met.<\/li>\n<li>My lover and I really understand each other.<\/li>\n<li>I feel that my lover and I were meant for each other.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Companionate Love<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Begins with familiarity, similarity, friendship<\/li>\n<li>Promotes spending time together, expressions of liking<\/li>\n<li>Similar to \u2018Storge\u2019 o Genuine love first requires caring for awhile. o Our friendship merged gradually into love over time. o Love is really a deep friendship, not a mysterious, mystical emotion.\n<ul>\n<li>Genuine love first requires caring for awhile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Compassionate Love<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Begins with perception of need or distress<\/li>\n<li>Promotes response to distress (so varied)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Empathetic response to someone who requries help<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Similar to \u2018Agape\u2019<\/li>\n<li>I would endure all things for the sake of my lover.<\/li>\n<li>Whatever I own is my lover&#8217;s to use as he\/ she chooses.<\/li>\n<li>I try to always help my lover through difficult times.<\/li>\n<li>When my lover gets angry with me, I still love him\/her fully and unconditionally.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Prototype Approach<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ask people to nominate features of love(rs)<\/li>\n<li>Ask others to rate \u2018prototypicality\u2019<\/li>\n<li>\u2018Companionate love\u2019 features more typical o Trust, honesty, caring, intimacy, respect &#8211; central things people tend to report about love<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>VERSUS o Sexual passion, gazing at other, physiological \u2022 (similar in romantic &amp; compassionate specifically)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do psychologists \u2018over-think\u2019 love? One kind?<\/li>\n<li>Prototypes represented in hedging, memory, RTs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tricky boundaries between types of love &#8211; big 4<\/p>\n<p>Grouping together of characteristics based on similar features<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Gender Differences<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overall, much similarity, but some differences<\/li>\n<li>Men more prone to \u2018romantic\u2019 conceptions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Conceptions: the belief of what love is &#8211; different from experience<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2018true love\u2019 , saying it (?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In a couple of studies, men are the first to openly express love &#8211; not super conclusive<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Woman more prone to pragmatic or companionate conceptions, friendship love<\/li>\n<li>Similar differences in experience of love<\/li>\n<li>This is not \u2018Mars\u2019 and \u2018Venus\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Difference in experience and thought about love<\/p>\n<p>Not much of a difference between sexes<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Culture Differences<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Again, careful to not over-emphasize. o Individual vs. collectivist cultures o Romantic vs. arranged marriages o Differences in \u2018day to day\u2019 of marriages<\/li>\n<li>\u2018Eros\u2019 (passion) conceptions high in all, but higher with individualism (or vs. Asian?) \u2018Storge\u2019 somewhat lower in individualists<\/li>\n<li>(Compassionate love unclear)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hasn&#8217;t been around enough to study cross-culturally<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Romantic Relationships Over Time<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does passion fade into companionate love?\n<ul>\n<li>Not really, both possible early, both fade<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Satisfaction predicted by passionate conception; splits by low companionate conception Splits: breakups<\/li>\n<li>Experience of all types associated with satisfaction o stronger with time for compassion &amp; companionate love<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>What predicts satisfaction over time in longer-term couples<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Love experience (all kinds) correlated with commitment<\/li>\n<li>Love experience important to staying together, but less so after marriage Individuals tend to stay committed in marital situations due to other variables<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Love Research<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Some cautions\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Has not received a ton of attention<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Typically correlational (causal direction)<\/li>\n<li>Self reports o Subjective construct, but pressures, e.g., RE sex?<\/li>\n<li>Need for longitudinal data<\/li>\n<li>Challenge of consensus for models\/types o Beyond subjective (e.g., cause &amp; consequence)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Difficulty of studying dyads<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today\u2019s Goals Mini review: Prosocial behaviour Review the history of love research in psychology Discuss how psychologists and lay people define love Review the correlates of different approaches to&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/positive-psychology\/love\/\">Continue Reading<span> Love<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[116],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4563"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4563"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4563\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4563"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}