{"id":4680,"date":"2019-01-09T19:26:03","date_gmt":"2019-01-10T00:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/?p=4680"},"modified":"2019-05-25T22:56:59","modified_gmt":"2019-05-26T02:56:59","slug":"personality-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/mental-health-nursing\/personality-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Personality"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><u>Personality<\/u> <\/strong>is defined as a fixed continuing pattern of behaving and relating to self, others and the environment; it includes perceptions, attitudes and emotion<\/p>\n<h4>Personality disorders<strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2212 Are diagnosed when personality traits become fixed and interfere with how a person functions in society or cause the person emotional distress<\/p>\n<p><strong>Behavioural <\/strong>patterns can be traced early in childhood or adolescence<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Usually there is <u>significant impairment relating<\/u> to a number of areas:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Family<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Academic<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 rmployment<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Other functional roles<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Diagnosis\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Made when an individual <u>displays continuing behavioural patterns<\/u> that <u>differ<\/u> from cultural expectations in two (2) or more areas:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Ways of perceiving &amp; interpreting self, other people &amp; events <u>(cognition)<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Range, intensity, lability &amp; appropriateness of emotional response <u>(affect)<\/u>\u00a0 \u2212 Social\/personal functioning<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Ability to control impulses or express behaviour at appropriate time &amp; place <u>(impulse control)<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aetiology\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Biological theories<\/li>\n<li>Psychodynamic theories<\/li>\n<li>Behavioural theories<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Hereditary\/environment<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Temperament trait (harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence, persistence)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Character traits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Self-directedness<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Cooperativeness<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Self-transcendence<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cultural context<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 rthnic, cultural, social background<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Minority groups, marginalised groups\u00a0 \u2212 Gender specificity<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"708\"><strong>DSM-5 Criteria\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual\u2019s culture.<\/p>\n<p>This pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the following areas:<\/p>\n<p>\u2212\u00a0 Cognition (i.e., ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events)<\/p>\n<p>\u2212\u00a0 Affectivity (i.e., the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response)<\/p>\n<p>\u2212\u00a0 Interpersonal functioning<\/p>\n<p>\u2212\u00a0 Impulse control<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The pattern is sta<a href=\"https:\/\/www.studocu.com\/en?utm_campaign=shared-document&amp;utm_source=studocu-document&amp;utm_medium=social_sharing&amp;utm_content=nrsg210-semester-1-notes\">ble and of long duration, and its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or<\/a> early adulthood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><u>CLUSTER A\u00a0 <\/u><\/h1>\n<h2>Cluster A- Odd or eccentric<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Paranoid Personality disorder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Individual feels distrust of other people<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Individual expects to be taken advantage of or be harmed by others\u00a0 \u2212 Tend to hold grudges\/don\u2019t forgive<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Schizoid Personality disorder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Individuals have restricted range of motions and restricted affect<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Wont seek out close relationships with other people, or sexual relationships<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Don\u2019t react to criticism or praise<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Will find social interactions difficult, don\u2019t like being in groups<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Schizotypal Personality disorder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Closely related to schizophrenia<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 May dress differently, may look odd in their appearance<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Individuals may have very poor academic achievements\u00a0 \u2212 Quite unsociable, don\u2019t interact with others<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><u>CLUSTER B<\/u><\/h1>\n<h2>Cluster B- Dramatic, erratic and emotional<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Antisocial Personality Disorder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 In order to diagnosis an individual, they must have experienced conduct disorder by the age of 15<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Lack of remorse and empathy<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 This is a trait seen right through childhood, not something that just develops<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Failure to plan ahead, impulsive actions\/thoughts<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Borderline Personality Disorder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Unstable and intense relationships, unstable and intense mood, unstable self image<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Chronic feelings of emptiness<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Inappropriate intense ager<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Stress related paranoid symptoms<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Will often engage in deliberate self harm (recurrent suicidal behaviour)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Histrionic Personality Disorder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Attention seeking behaviours<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Individuals may use their physical appearance to attract attention (seduction)<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Prone to exaggeration<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Narcissistic Personality Disorder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Very arrogant behaviours<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 A need for admiration<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Lack empathy<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Individuals wont engage with others who aren\u2019t on &#8220;their level&#8221;<\/p>\n<h1><u>CLUSTER C<\/u><\/h1>\n<h2>Cluster C- Anxious and fearful<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Avoidant Personality Disorder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Individuals are socially inhibited<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 They fear disapproval and rejection from other people<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 They\u2019ll avoid intimate relationships due to fear of rejection\/dislike<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dependent Personality Disorder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Individuals avoid making decisions, they depend on others to make decisions for them<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 They need to be taken care of, very clingy<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 They lack confidence in their ability<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Individuals need everything to be perfect<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 They avoid others doing things for them, due to others not doing things properly\/their way \u2212 They tend to be very rigid; rules are rules<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Transference &amp; Countertransference\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Transference:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 Where a person transfers beliefs, feelings, thoughts or behaviours that occurred in one situation<\/p>\n<p>(usually in their past) to a situation that is happening in the present<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 e.g., you remind the client of a past nurse who secluded her and she is wary of you<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Countertransference:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2212 The response of the clinician to the client<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 Having strong feelings for the patient, either negative or positive, may be the cue for experiencing countertransference<\/p>\n<p>\u2212 e.g., you meet a client who reminds you of a close friend of yours, and you transfer those positive feelings\/emotions to the client<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Assessments-<\/h2>\n<p>\u2212 MSr and risk assessments<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"48\">\u2212<\/td>\n<td width=\"396\">Complex assessment requirements, include:<\/td>\n<td width=\"24\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"218\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"48\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"396\">o\u00a0\u00a0 Drug and alcohol use (drug screen, detox, withdrawal needs)<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0 Self harming behaviour\u00a0 o Suicidal ideation o Suicidal gestures<\/td>\n<td width=\"24\">o o o o<\/td>\n<td width=\"218\">Relationship history<\/p>\n<p>Forensic history\u00a0 Medications\u00a0 rxclusion criteria (hyperthyroidism,<\/p>\n<p>Cushing&#8217;s, anxiety disorder etc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"48\">\u2212<\/td>\n<td width=\"396\">Care and interventions:<\/td>\n<td width=\"24\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"218\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"48\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"396\">o Setting clear limits\u00a0 o Crisis management\u00a0 o Mindfulness<\/td>\n<td width=\"24\">o o<\/td>\n<td width=\"218\">Problem solving<\/p>\n<p>rstablishing a team approach<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Personality is defined as a fixed continuing pattern of behaving and relating to self, others and the environment; it includes perceptions, attitudes and emotion Personality disorders\u00a0 \u2212 Are diagnosed&hellip; <a class=\"continue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/mental-health-nursing\/personality-2\/\">Continue Reading<span> Personality<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[121],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4680"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4680"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4809,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4680\/revisions\/4809"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amyork.ca\/academic\/zz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}